{"topic_id":"EU_2020_354_entry_12_renal","category":"eu","context":"EU Entry 12 addresses Complete Pet Food for support of renal function in cases of chronic renal insufficiency (CKD). Key nutritional modifications vs normal food: Phosphorus reduced to 0.2-0.5% DM (vs normal 0.6-1.0%); Protein moderately reduced to 18-23% DM (sufficient but not excess, reducing nitrogenous waste); Sodium reduced to 0.1-0.3% DM; Fat moderately increased 12-20% DM (for energy density without protein); Potassium citrate added to acidify urine if metabolic acidosis is present. EPA+DHA omega-3 supplementation 0.3-0.6% DM recommended for anti-inflammatory effect. Products must state: 'For renal dysfunction. For use only with the recommendation of a veterinarian.' Duration: chronic use. EU Entry 12 is the most commonly prescribed therapeutic diet in European veterinary practice.\n","sources":["generated from .md only"],"tokens_estimated":146,"generated_at":"2026-07-16","tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}