{"topic_id":"companion_breed_standard_volpino_italiano_dog","category":"companion-breed-standard","context":"---\ntopic_id: companion_breed_standard_volpino_italiano_dog\ncategory: companion-breed-standard\ntitle: \"Volpino Italiano — breed standard (FCI: size, coat, temperament, type)\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"FCI breed-standard derived fact summary (paraphrased per COPYRIGHT_POLICY § 3; numbers and proper nouns preserved).\nsource_file: pdf-raw/breed-standard/volpino_italiano_combined.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-08-02\ntokens_estimated: 0\nverification:\n  method: paraphrase\n  claims: 8\n  passed: 8\n  date: 2026-08-05\nrecovered: false\npath: companion-breed-standard/companion_breed_standard_volpino_italiano_dog/01_companion_breed_standard_volpino_italiano_dog.md\nsource_document: \"FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale)\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale)\"\n  title: \"Volpino Italiano — breed standard (FCI: size, coat, temperament, type)\"\n  url: \"https://www.fci.be\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-08-02\"\n  ref: \"Official breed standards (factual data points + section outline extracted verbatim)\"\n  doc_type: \"official kennel-club breed standards\"\n  needs_review: false\nlicense: paraphrase\ncopyright_note: \"Sources (FCI breed-standard texts) are not openly licensed; per COPYRIGHT_POLICY § 3 every claim is a paraphrased derived fact summary (numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten), not a verbatim quotation.\"\nlicense: paraphrase\ncopyright_note: \"Sources (FCI breed-standard texts) are not openly licensed; per COPYRIGHT_POLICY § 3 every claim is a paraphrased derived fact summary (numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten), not a verbatim quotation.\"\nauthority_tier: T1\nauthority_tier_basis: \"T1:kennel-club-breed-standard\"\nauthority_tier_date: 2026-08-05\n---\n\n# Volpino Italiano — breed standard (FCI: size, coat, temperament, type)\n\n## Claims\n\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* An Italian Spitz, FCI Group 5 (Spitz and primitive type), Section 4 European Spitz, kept as a guard and companion dog without a working trial.\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* A small, compact and harmonious Spitz with a long stand-off coat; the body is square, with length matching the withers height.\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* Height at the withers is 27–30 cm for males and 25–28 cm for females.\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* The coat is dense, very long, straight and harsh, standing off the body and forming a collar around the neck rather than a mane.\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* Colour is self white, red or black; other shades are accepted. White should be clear like milk, red an intense deer-red, and solid red or black may show a little white on the feet, while red may carry a mask or sable overlay.\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* Temperament is very attached to home and family, with an exuberant, lively, happy and playful nature.\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* Disqualifying faults include aggression or extreme shyness, physical or behavioural abnormality, an untypical dog, a convex nose bridge, an overshot bite, total loss of nose or eye-rim pigment, a wall eye, fully drooping ears, and a missing or very short tail.\n","sources":["companion-breed-standard — Volpino Italiano — breed standard (FCI: size, coat, temperament, type) (retrieved 2026-08-02)"],"source":{"authority":"companion-breed-standard","title":"Volpino Italiano — breed standard (FCI: size, coat, temperament, type)","url":"https://www.fci.be","retrieved":"2026-08-02","ref":"","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale)","verification_file":"pdf-raw/breed-standard/volpino_italiano_combined.txt"},"source_document":"FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale)","source_file":"pdf-raw/breed-standard/volpino_italiano_combined.txt","trust":{"authority_tier":"T1","fidelity":"paraphrase","license":"paraphrase","display_grade":"C"},"tokens_estimated":544,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}