{"topic_id":"evidence_exotic_ferret_toxicology","category":"evidence","context":"---\ntopic_id: evidence_exotic_ferret_toxicology\ncategory: evidence\ntitle: \"Evidence cluster — Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) toxicology (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search, first-hand peer-reviewed abstracts, pulled 2026-08-01\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_ferret_toxicology_2026-08-01.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-08-01\ntokens_estimated: 4973\nverification:\n  method: paraphrase\n  claims: 8\n  passed: 8\n  date: 2026-08-01\nsource_document: \"Peer-reviewed Ferret toxicology literature (Europe PMC, first-hand abstracts)\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"Europe PMC\"\n  title: \"Evidence cluster — Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) toxicology (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)\"\n  url: \"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-08-01\"\n  doc_type: \"first-hand abstracts (Europe PMC REST)\"\n  needs_review: false\ncopyright_note: \"Mixed licensing per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3: Open Access (CC BY) studies retained verbatim with attribution; non-Open-Access studies paraphrased as derived fact summaries (numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten).\"\nlicense: mixed\nauthority_tier: T2\nauthority_tier_basis: \"T2:oa-repo\"\nauthority_tier_date: 2026-08-04\n---\n\n# Evidence: Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) toxicology\n\nSource: Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search — first-hand peer-reviewed abstract records, pulled 2026-08-01.\nQueries covered toxicology, poisoning, intoxication, heavy metals, mycotoxins and (for relevant taxa) envenomation for Mustela putorius furo.\nThe cluster returns **2** representative studies with abstracts below. Abstract text is verbatim from source; each study is traceable by PMID.\n\n## Studies\n- **PMID 41892407 (2026, Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland))** — Pre-Exposure Intranasal Treatment with Neomycin Sulfate Reduces Transmission of Influenza B Virus.. Abstract (opening): <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Influenza B virus infection contributes substantially to annual morbidity and mortality, accounting for 20% to 30% of influenza-associated deaths worldwide. Although vaccination reduces the risk of severe disease, widely used inactivated influenza vaccines are often insufficient to prevent virus transmission. Moreover, influenza B viruses are less susceptible to commonly used antivirals than influenza A viruses. New approaches are therefore required to decrease disease burden and limit virus spread. Neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was recently shown to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a hamster model. Here, we conducted an exploratory study to assess the effect of neomycin on influenza B virus transmission. <b>Methods</b>: Contact transmission was evaluated using a guinea pig model (n = 4 per group), and aerosol transmission was assessed using a ferret model (n = 6 per group). Animals in the experimental groups received neomycin sulfate (5 mg/guinea pig, 20 mg/ferret) or placebo intranasally, starting one day before exposure to infected animals and continuing for four days thereafter. In the guinea pig study, an additional control group received intranasal interferon alpha. Viral transmission to contact animals was assessed by RT-PCR and virus culture of nasal washes collected over two weeks. Clinical signs and body weight were monitored daily. <b>Results</b>: In the guinea pig model, 75% of contact animals became infected with influenza B virus regardless of treatment. Neither neomycin nor interferon alpha prevented infection, although both delayed the onset of viral shedding in contact animals. In the ferret model, infection occurred in 33% of placebo-treated contact animals, whereas no viral shedding was detected in the neomycin-treated group. <b>Conclusions</b>: Prophylactic intranasal neomycin treatment has the potential to protect exposed individuals from aerosol transmission of influenza B virus during influenza outbreaks. *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*\n  Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41892407/\n- **PMID 41672385 (2026, Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.))** — *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* Investigators developed an adolescent alcohol-consumption model in ferrets using an Intermittent One-Bottle protocol (24 h of 5% alcohol alone, then a two-bottle choice for the rest of a 7-day cycle, repeated over 9 weeks). Males drank significantly more than females and reached blood alcohol levels above the human legal-intoxication threshold; heavy-drinking males showed higher medial prefrontal cortex excitability. Even low-consuming females showed altered action-potential timing. The study established that ferrets will self-administer alcohol at physiological doses and exhibit marked sex differences in consumption.\n  Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41672385/\n\nSource text: `pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_ferret_toxicology_2026-08-01.txt` (Europe PMC first-hand abstracts, pulled 2026-08-01).\n\n## License & attribution\n\nMixed licensing per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3: Open Access (CC BY / CC BY-NC /\nCC BY-NC-ND) studies are reproduced verbatim with attribution under their specific\nCC license; non-Open-Access studies are paraphrased as derived fact summaries\n(numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten). Original records:\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42265938/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42036348/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42102174/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42027880/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42172325/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41892407/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41672385/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41824560/\n\n## Cleaning removal log (2026-08-05, codebuddy)\nPMID 42318820 — human study (hepatitis B/C mortality in Italy/Romania/Spain), not ferret\nPMID 41337862 — mussels (Mytilus/Dreissena) microplastic biomonitor, not ferret/pet\nPMID 41587307 — ferret IAPP as one sample among 7 mammals for human T2D oligomer study; model-organism/comparative, not a ferret subject\nPMID 42380600 — ferret lung slices used as assay for AAV promoter testing; model-organism/assay only, not a ferret subject\nPMID 42265938 — inhalation-toxicology support study, not pet toxicology (removed 2026-08-24, kimi)\nPMID 42036348 — mis-clustered duplicate — kept in evidence_exotic_ferret_nutrition (removed 2026-08-24, kimi)\nPMID 42102174 — influenza disease-model statistics, not pet toxicology (removed 2026-08-24, kimi)\nPMID 42027880 — mis-clustered duplicate — kept in evidence_exotic_ferret_clinical (removed 2026-08-24, kimi)\nPMID 42172325 — drug-development candidate (GHP-88310/EIDD-3608), not pet toxicology (removed 2026-08-24, kimi)\nPMID 41824560 — influenza transmission/immunity study, not pet toxicology (removed 2026-08-24, kimi)\n","sources":["Europe PMC — Evidence cluster — Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) toxicology (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC) (retrieved 2026-08-01)"],"source":{"authority":"Europe PMC","title":"Evidence cluster — Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) toxicology (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41892407/","retrieved":"2026-08-01","ref":"PMID 41892407","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"Peer-reviewed Ferret toxicology literature (Europe PMC, first-hand abstracts)","verification_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_ferret_toxicology_2026-08-01.txt"},"source_document":"Peer-reviewed Ferret toxicology literature (Europe PMC, first-hand abstracts)","source_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_ferret_toxicology_2026-08-01.txt","trust":{"authority_tier":"T2","fidelity":"paraphrase","license":"mixed","display_grade":"B"},"tokens_estimated":600,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}