{"topic_id":"evidence_exotic_rat_mouse_toxicology","category":"evidence","context":"---\ntopic_id: evidence_exotic_rat_mouse_toxicology\ncategory: evidence\ntitle: \"Evidence cluster — Pet rat and mouse (Rattus norvegicus) toxicology (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search, first-hand peer-reviewed abstracts, pulled 2026-08-01\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_rat_mouse_toxicology_2026-08-01.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-08-01\ntokens_estimated: 5552\nverification:\n  method: paraphrase\n  claims: 2\n  passed: 2\n  date: 2026-08-01\nsource_document: \"Peer-reviewed Pet rat and mouse toxicology literature (Europe PMC, first-hand abstracts)\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"Europe PMC\"\n  title: \"Evidence cluster — Pet rat and mouse (Rattus norvegicus) toxicology (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)\"\n  url: \"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-08-01\"\n  doc_type: \"first-hand abstracts (Europe PMC REST)\"\n  needs_review: false\ncopyright_note: \"Mixed licensing per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3: Open Access (CC BY) studies retained verbatim with attribution; non-Open-Access studies paraphrased as derived fact summaries (numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten).\"\nlicense: mixed\nauthority_tier: T2\nauthority_tier_basis: \"T2:oa-repo\"\nauthority_tier_date: 2026-08-04\n---\n\n# Evidence: Pet rat and mouse (Rattus norvegicus) toxicology\n\nSource: Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search — first-hand peer-reviewed abstract records, pulled 2026-08-01.\nQueries covered toxicology, poisoning, intoxication, heavy metals, mycotoxins and (for relevant taxa) envenomation for Rattus norvegicus.\nThe cluster returns **2** representative studies with abstracts below. Abstract text is verbatim from source; each study is traceable by PMID.\n\n## Studies\n- **PMID 42200669 (2026, Journal of virology)** — Going wild: prioritizing experimental models of rodent-borne viruses to decode zoonotic spillover and pandemic risk.. Abstract (opening): Rodent-borne viruses pose threats to global health because of their capacity for zoonoses with the potential to cause outbreaks of high morbidity and mortality. Gaining a deeper understanding of how these viruses persist in their reservoir hosts and spillover into human populations requires an integrated approach blending both laboratory- and field-based research. Here, we review our current understanding of rodent-borne virus dynamics-primarily mammarenaviruses and orthohantaviruses-within their natural rodent reservoirs. We highlight key insights gained from experimental infection models seeking to replicate authentic host-pathogen interactions under controlled conditions. We argue that expanding and refining experimental models, particularly those that simulate natural reservoir conditions, is crucial to identifying the host and viral factors facilitating viral persistence in nature, and transmission to human populations. We propose a framework for future research that prioritizes hypothesis-driven research in model systems that are both natural and translatable to bridge these knowledge gaps. *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*\n  Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42200669/\n- **PMID 42151291 (2026, Scientific reports)** — Environmental and sustainable valorization of spent adsorbent: safety and acute toxicity evaluation in rats via probit analysis.. Abstract (opening): Valorization of adsorbent spent is a modern trend to maximize the utilization of absorption waste. Analytical methods, inclusive Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), were applied to evaluate the adsorbent spent (Zn-Co-Fe/LDH @ heavy metal). We examined the mechanistic toxicological effects of heavy metals within an animal model (rats) via probit analysis to evaluate the safety and acute toxicity of the spent adsorbent. The acute toxicity was evaluated and documented for 24 h, and it persisted for 14 days. A diverse multitude of toxic impacts on a different of body organs and tissues is the consequence of the bioaccumulation of these heavy metals. The rodents were weighed daily, and a variety of observations, like mortality, injury, behavior, and any indications of disease, were conducted. The safety and toxicological analyses were conducted using Probit analysis. The acute toxicity evaluation revealed varying safety profiles for the spent adsorbents. Zn-Co-Fe/LDH-As exhibited the lowest level of toxicity with an LD<sub>50</sub> of 370 mg/kg and a calculated safe dose of 18.5 mg/kg. In contrast, the highest toxicity was observed for Zn-Co-Fe/LDH-Pb (LD<sub>50</sub> = 103.7 mg/kg; safe dose = 5.2 mg/kg), followed by Zn-Co-Fe/LDH-Hg (LD<sub>50</sub> = 204 mg/kg; safe dose = 10.2 mg/kg). These results quantify the biological risk associated with metal-laden adsorbents and establish the safety benchmarks required for their sustainable valorization. Evaluations of biochemical parameters and hematological analysis were conducted at the conclusion of each investigation. Comparative to the controls, gross findings were obtained from the histopathological examination of the animals' vital organs, which included the heart, lung, kidney, liver, and stomach. Our safety and toxicological data demonstrated the safety of layered double hydroxide (LDH) efficacy in adsorption, as well as a lower level of toxicity for LDH/As after adsorption. The iron content within the Zn-Co-Fe/LDH framework remained structurally integrated; however, the observed hematological alterations suggest a potential interference with iron metabolism or heme synthesis following exposure to heavy-metal laden adsorbents. *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*\n  Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42151291/\n\nSource text: `pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_rat_mouse_toxicology_2026-08-01.txt` (Europe PMC first-hand abstracts, pulled 2026-08-01).\n\n## License & attribution\n\nMixed licensing per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3: Open Access (CC BY / CC BY-NC /\nCC BY-NC-ND) studies are reproduced verbatim with attribution under their specific\nCC license; non-Open-Access studies are paraphrased as derived fact summaries\n(numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten). Original records:\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42200669/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42151291/\n\n## Cleaning removal log (2026-08-05, codebuddy)\nPMID 41392373 — REE chelation-toxicity review centered on human exposure/clinical data — human toxicology (rule 1).\nPMID 42224357 — Dimercaprol (BAL) conformational/quantum-chemistry characterization — no animal subject, not about rat/mouse (rule 2/3).\nPMID 41884135 — Human girl acute copper sulfate poisoning case — human patient (rule 1).\nPMID 41907795 — Taiwan policy regulating toxic traditional Chinese medicines — human public-health policy (rule 1).\nPMID 41893504 — Human dermal heavy-metal exposure in urban green-space soils (risk assessment) — human/environmental, no rat/mouse (rule 1).\nPMID 42080322 — Empasiprubart complement-C2 antibody structure-function — antibody biochemistry, no rat/mouse subject (rule 3).\n","sources":["Europe PMC — Evidence cluster — Pet rat and mouse (Rattus norvegicus) toxicology (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC) (retrieved 2026-08-01)"],"source":{"authority":"Europe PMC","title":"Evidence cluster — Pet rat and mouse (Rattus norvegicus) toxicology (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42200669/","retrieved":"2026-08-01","ref":"PMID 42200669","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"Peer-reviewed Pet rat and mouse toxicology literature (Europe PMC, first-hand abstracts)","verification_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_rat_mouse_toxicology_2026-08-01.txt"},"source_document":"Peer-reviewed Pet rat and mouse toxicology literature (Europe PMC, first-hand abstracts)","source_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_rat_mouse_toxicology_2026-08-01.txt","trust":{"authority_tier":"T2","fidelity":"paraphrase","license":"mixed","display_grade":"B"},"tokens_estimated":600,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}