{"topic_id":"exotic_breeding_fish","category":"exotic-breeding","context":"---\ntopic_id: exotic_breeding_fish\ncategory: exotic-breeding\ntitle: \"Fish — breeding & neutering (neutering/spaying, reproduction, preventing unwanted litters)\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"First-hand owner-practical care page saved to source_file; paraphrased derived fact summary per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3. Pulled 2026-08-01.\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/companion-care/exotic_rspca_fish.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-08-01\ntokens_estimated: 520\nverification:\n  method: paraphrase\n  claims: 8\n  passed: 8\n  date: 2026-08-01\nrecovered: false\npath: exotic-breeding/exotic_breeding_fish/01_exotic_breeding_fish.md\nsource_document: \"RSPCA pet care advice / Merck Veterinary Manual pet-owner version\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"RSPCA pet care advice (rspca.org.uk) / Merck Veterinary Manual pet-owner version (merckvetmanual.com)\"\n  title: \"Fish — breeding & neutering (neutering/spaying, reproduction, preventing unwanted litters)\"\n  url: \"https://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/pets/fish\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-08-01\"\n  ref: \"Fish owner-practical care (first-hand, https://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/pets/fish)\"\n  doc_type: \"animal-welfare-org / veterinary-manual consumer version\"\n  needs_review: false\nlicense: paraphrase\ncopyright_note: \"Source RSPCA pet care advice (rspca.org.uk) is © RSPCA and not openly licensed; per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3 all claims are paraphrased derived fact summaries (numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten), not verbatim quotations.\"\nauthority_tier: T3\nauthority_tier_basis: \"T3:vet-ref\"\nauthority_tier_date: 2026-08-04\n---\n\n# Fish — breeding & neutering (neutering/spaying, reproduction, preventing unwanted litters)\nSource: RSPCA pet care advice (rspca.org.uk), a copyrighted animal-welfare organisation. Per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3, the points below are paraphrased derived fact summaries: numerical values and proper nouns are preserved from the source, but sentences are rewritten and not quoted verbatim.\n\n## Claims\n\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* Common (single-tailed) goldfish are the hardiest variety because they have not been compromised by selective breeding.\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* Many fancy goldfish varieties are more delicate and prone to inherited health problems caused by selective breeding.\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* Selective breeding can harm fish welfare in general.\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* Examples of livebearing ornamental fish include guppy, swordtail, platy and molly.\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* Some goldfish can live up to 25 years and grow beyond 30 cm.\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* Breeding for extreme physical traits harms welfare, so such fish are discouraged.\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* Place the aquarium away from direct sunlight and radiators and on a sturdy, level surface.\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* Pre-warm replacement water with a separate aquarium heater before adding it to the tank.\n---\n## License & attribution\n\nSource RSPCA pet care advice (rspca.org.uk) is © RSPCA and is not openly licensed. Per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3, every claim above is a paraphrased derived fact summary (numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten), not a verbatim quotation.\n\n- https://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/pets/fish","sources":["exotic-breeding — Fish — breeding & neutering (neutering/spaying, reproduction, preventing unwanted litters) (retrieved 2026-08-01)"],"source":{"authority":"exotic-breeding","title":"Fish — breeding & neutering (neutering/spaying, reproduction, preventing unwanted litters)","url":"https://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/pets/fish","retrieved":"2026-08-01","ref":"","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"RSPCA pet care advice / Merck Veterinary Manual pet-owner version","verification_file":"pdf-raw/companion-care/exotic_rspca_fish.txt"},"source_document":"RSPCA pet care advice / Merck Veterinary Manual pet-owner version","source_file":"pdf-raw/companion-care/exotic_rspca_fish.txt","trust":{"authority_tier":"T3","fidelity":"paraphrase","license":"paraphrase","display_grade":"B"},"tokens_estimated":531,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}